Communication and Network

Physical Connection

Twisted-Pair is a technologhy that uses glass or plastic threads (fiber) to transmit data. A fiber optic coble consist of a bundle of glass thread , each of which is capable of transmmiting messages modulated onto light waves.

Network terms
Node is a devise that connected to a computer network. Nodes can computer, personal digital assistant, cell phones (PDAs), cell phones or another various other network appliances. In general nodes has programmed to recognize and process or forward transmission to another device.

Client is an application that runs on a personal computer and relies on computer to perform some operations.

Server is a computer or device that provide services to another computer or a computer program that has an associated program. The service can run on the same computer or others computer on a network.

Hub is a common device in a network to used to connect segments of Lan. A hub contain multiple ports. Hub can make another computer connect with

another computer.The example for hub is a USB hub.

Network interface card same as network adapter. NIC is a circuit board that installed in a computer so that can connected to a network. Most NIC's is designed for a particular type of network athough can serve multiple networks.

Network Operating System is an operating system for connecting compu

ters and devices in a LAN. Normally it is a complete operating system with file ,task ,and operating system. Unix , Linux, NetWare are examples of Network Operating System.

Host Computer in computer networking, a network host, Internet host, host are a computer connected to the internet. A network host van host information resources as well as application software for providing network services.

Network managers is a software utility aimed at simplifying the use of computer network on Linux and another Unix-Like operating system The Project was onitiated by Red-hat. i

Secondary Storage

Disk caching is a mechanism for improving the time to read from or write to a hard disk. The the disk cache is usually included as part of the hard disk. A disk cache can also be a specified portion of random access memory (RAM)
Redudant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID) a technology that allowed computer users to achieve high levels of storage reliability from low-cost and less reliable PC-class disk-drive components, via the technique of arranging the devices into arrays for redundancy. RAID is now used as an umbrella term for computer data storage schemes that can divide and replicate data among multiple hard disk drives.
File compression and decompression is a codec can be though of as a list of instruction that identifies the methods usaed to compress data into fewer bytes, as well as doing just the opposite, decompressing it.

Input and Output

Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) is a character regnition technology which used in banking industry for cheque processing.MIRC codes easily read by human

Optical-character Recognition (OCR) is the mechanical or electronic translation of image of handwritten(usually captured by a scanner)into machine editable text . An OCR system enables you to take a book or magazine article, feed it directly into an electonic computer file, and then edit the file using a word processor.

Optical-Mark Recognition(OMR) is the technology of electronically extracting intended data from marked fields, such as checkboxes and fill-infields, on printed forms.

Dot-matrix printer is a type of computer printer with a print head that runs back and forth, or in an up and down motion.

This printer are relatively expensive and do not produce high quality output.

Plotter is a device that draws pictures on paper based on commands from a computer. Plotters differ from printers in that they draw lines using a pen plotters or electrostatic plotters.

Photo printer is a printer that designed for print digital photo on photo paper. This printer also can print very small picture as small as 1 picoliter in a high quality.

Portable printer is a practice printer. It is easily for us to take this printer to another place. So we can used it every where we want to use.

Fax Machine is telecommunication tecnology or machine for receive or send picture and text over a telephone line. Fax machine can translated

picture like normal computer data.

Multi functional device is machine that have a several function including printing. But we only can one operation in one time. For example we can not print a picture and scanning in a same time,

Internet Telephones is machine that allow real time to communication between users over the internet by voice, fax and video call. Communication can take place between users everywhere in the world with a high speed Internet connection.

Intro to IT

System Unit

Expansion Card is an electronic board to give a new ability to the computer, Computer have an ability to connect to another computer using a network cable. Expansion cards that could be installed in a an available expansion slot.

Network Interface card is card or computer circuit board that installed in a computer so it can connect a computer to an Ethernet network. The card usually also contains the protocol control firmware and Ethernet Controller needed to support the Medium Access Control data link protocol used by Ethernet.

Cache Memory is random access memory or it call (RAM). RAM is a computer microprocessor that can access more quickly than it can access regular RAM. Cache memory also a part of Static RAM (SRAM). Cache memory is sometimes described in levels of closeness and accessibility to the microprocessor

Plug & Play is the ability of a computer system that can automatically configure expansion boards and other devices. We can plug in a device and play with it, and we must not worry about setting DIP switches, jumpers and other configuration elements. Microsoft make a selling point for it's window operating system.

Sockets is a software component used to connect to a local or wide areal network such as the internet. Sockets are created and used with a set of programming request sometimes called the sockets application programing interface.

Chip is a small piece of semiconducting material on which an intergrated circuit is embedded. Chips is a the most important part of computer. A typical chip is less than ¼-square inches and can contain millions of electronic components.Computer consist of many chips placed on electronic boards called printed circuit boards.

Slots an opening in a computer where you can insert a printed circuit board. Slots are often called expansions slot because they allow you to expand the capabilities of a computer. The boards you insert in expansion slots are called expansions board or add-on boards.

Buslines in computing, is a set of physical connections which can shared by multiple hardware to communicate with another one. The purpose of buses is to reduce the number of "pathways" needed for communication between the components, by carrying out all communications over a single data channel.

Serial port is a socket on a computer used to connect a modem or another device via a serial interface. Serial port also can used for serial communication but is's provide very slow speed.

Parallel port is a type of interface that can found at computer. Parallel port used for connecting an external devices such as printer,modem. It is also known as a printer port or Centronics port. Parallel port are usually designated LPT1,LPT2, and so on. Parallel port contrast with serial port.

Universal Serial Bus or USB is a way of setting of communication between computer and peripheral devices. USB is intended to replace many varieties of serial and parallel ports. USB can connect computer peripherals such as mice, keyboard, Pdas, gamepads and scanners,external hard.

Firewire Port is a very fast external bus for support data transfer rates up to 300Mbps,800 Mbps and also can used to connect devices such as digital video cameras hard drives and MP3 player to your computer.

The Internet,The web,and electronic commerie

HTML

-Hyper Text Markup Language(HTML). Html defines the structure and layout of a Web by using a variety of tags and attributes. It provides to create structured documents by denoting structural semantics for text such as headings, paragraphs, lists etc as well as for links, quotes, and other items. We can also edit our html

Javascript

-is the scripting language of web and can access object within other applications.Java script very usefull for the development of website. Javascript have influeced with many languages and it make easier for non programmer to work with it.

Applets

-is a special program designed to be executed from with another aplication. Applets does not same like another application, this program cannot executed directly from the operating system. Some applets have a function like another program and some program is provided by a host program can not work alone..

Business to Consumer E-Commerce

- is a program to sell the product of the organization.This program serve consumer to buy something that they need more easily.Business to consumer is take the prize with dollar volume.

Consumer to consumer E-Commerce

- is a program to serve consumer.Consumer can use this program to sell or buy some product and people can transcation every day and every where.

File Transfer Protocol

-is a standard internet protocol. This program can manipulate and exchange file between computers on internet . We also can use this program to download or send programs and other files to our computer from another server. .

Filters

-is a program that designed for check input or output request from quliflying criteria than process or foward it accordingly. Filters also sometime used to insert header or control characters in data.

Carrers in IT

Webmaster also called web developer. They have to know how to configure web server and serve as the server administrator. Webmaster also use online media to sell products or services to society.

Computer support specialist is a person who give an advice to users. They answer the problems by using automated diagnostic program. They also install, modify, clean, and repair computer hardware and software, train computer users in how to use new computer.

Technical writer is a person who designes,writes and many more.Technical writer sometimes handling they work to a professional technical writer for editing and formatting.Technical writer also create documantation in many forms.

Software Enginer is a person who applies the principles of soft ware engineering to the design, development, testing, and evaluation of the software and systems that make computers or anything containing software, such as chips, work.

Network administrator is a modern profession for maintenance of computer hard ware and software.The network administrator is the highest level of network staff. Network administrator also design depend of the company.

Database administrator is a person who has responsibilities to make the database for always available and monitoring the database is responding to requsest quickly.
System analyst is a person who have responsible information system development. They tell business and other organization which computers and software to buy and help them do decide how to get those tools to work.
Programmer is a person who prepare and test program or person who prepare entertainment program.